Cisco CCNA Wan Switching

ATM Basics

ATM is a packet-switched technology based on a 53-byte packet called a cell. Each cell is divided into a 5-byte header and a 48-byte payload. The short, fixed length cell reduces delay and jitter, allowing time sensitive information such as voice and video to be transported along with data. There are various transmission media and rates available with bandwidth measured in megabits to gigabits.

ATM Model

ATM is based on Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network, an extension of ISDN. Similar to the OSI model, B-ISDN uses a seven-layer model. ATM redefines the lower 3 layers into the Physical Layer, the ATM Layer and the ATM Adaptation Layer.

• The Physical Medium sub-layer (PMD) interfaces with the physical medium.

• The Transmission Control sub-layer handles cell extraction from the data stream and error checking.

ATM Headers

The ATM Cell has a 5-byte header, with the remaining 48-bytes left for payload (data).

There are two standard headers. Cisco added an additional header type to allow for advanced ATM features.

• User-to-Network Interface (UNI) header-specifies the interface between a user device and a network. Note: A user device is not just a computer interface. It can be a router or switch as well.

• Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) header-specifies interface between two networks. Usually a private ATM network and a public ATM network.

• STI header-used between two Cisco ATM switching nodes to allow advanced network features.

• Flow Control (4-bits)-a UNI field for controlling access and flow control. Usually all zeros, as there is no defined standards.

• Virtual Path Indicator (VPI)-identifies the path to be taken by the ATM cell.

• Virtual Circuit Indicator (VCI)-indicates the circuit number on the path.

• Payload Type Indicator (PTI, 3-bits)-the type of data being carried in the payload. High order bit is 0 for user data and 1 for connection management information, second bit indicates if there was congestion, and the third bit shows if user data is from customer premises equipment.

• Payload Class (4-bits)-STI field indicating classes of service and BPX switch queues.

• Cell Loss Priority bit (CL)-indicates that the cell may be discarded if congestion is encountered.

ATM Addressing

• VCI identifies the circuit or connection.

• VPI identifies the virtual path.

• The path can be seen as a trunk that carries multiple circuits between switches.

• VCI is 16-bits allowing 65, 535 circuit numbers. For the STI header VCI is 8-bits for 256 circuits.

• VPI is 8-bits for the UNI header, 12-bits for the NNI header (4096 paths), and 10-bits for the STI header (1024 paths).

Cisco ATM Addressing

• There are three modes available depending on the hardware being used.

ATM Adaptation Layer

• ATM Adaptation Level (AAL)-used to convert data from various sources and convert it to 48-byte segments that fit the payload of ATM cells.

• Four classifications of source traffic are outlined.

• Consists of Convergence sub-layer (CS) and Segmentation and Reassembly sub-layer (SAR).

• CS receives data from the applications and sends it to the SAR to be segmented into 48-byte blocks.

Quality of Service

These are some of the most important QoS parameters:

• Peak Cell Rate (PCR)-maximum rate a sender can send cells.

• Sustained Cell Rate (SCR)-required cell rate averaged over a long interval.

• Minimum Cell Rate (MCR)-minimum acceptable rate of cells per second.

• Cell Loss Ratio (CLR)-the fraction of cells not delivered or delivered late.

• Cell Transfer Delay (CTD)-time from source to destination (transmit time).

• Cell Error Ratio (CER)-fraction of cells delivered with incorrect bits.

• Cell Delay Variation (CDV or Jitter)-how regularly cells are delivered. Cells from one conversation on a multiplexed connection may be delayed while cells from another conversation are delivered.

• Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT)-amount of variation in cell transmission times. Specified separately for PCR and SCR.

Service Categories

The ATM Forum specifies four service categories:

• Constant Bit Rate (CBR)-entire connection, from source to destination, including intermediary switches, provides a set amount of bandwidth at all times. Expensive because bandwidth is reserved even if it is not used.

• Variable Bit Rate (VBR)- guarantees an average bit rate over time, but allows a higher peak bit rate, with no cells lost, for a certain amount of time each minute. VBR is broken into two subclasses real time (rt) and non-real time (nrt).
  

  1. rt-VBR is used for connections that require end-to-end timing, such as voice or video connections using compression or noise reduction.

  2. nrt-VBR can be used when timing relationships are not required, but QoS is still needed.
     

• Available Bit Rate (ABR)-bit rate varies according to network conditions up to a stated maximum. Source adjusts transmission rate due to network information received from the network.

• Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)-no set bit rate guarantee. Allows a transmission rate up to a certain maximum, with no guarantee of cell loss or delivery.

Frame Relay Basics

Frame relay

• Defines a connection between user equipment and a WAN, not the interface or protocols of the WAN itself. Usually describes a LAN-to-LAN connection.

• A standard optimized for the transport of protocol-oriented data.

• Defines network paths using statistical multiplexing (creates virtual circuits).

• Does not allocate bandwidth until data needs to be transmitted.

• Combines packet switching and port sharing with time division multiplexing circuit switching to allow multiple point-to-point permanent virtual circuits over a single physical interface.

• Operates only on the Data Link and Physical layers of the OSI model. Routing is general handled by the Network layer protocol.

Components of Frame Relay

• Committed Information Rate (CIR)-rate of data transfer under normal operations. Generally the contracted rate from the public service provider. CIR should never be set higher than the speed of the slowest physical connection on a VC. CIR of 0=best effort.

• User-Network Interface (UNI)-describes a connection between user equipment and a frame relay network. Usually, a router (DTE) and the service provider.

• Network-Network Interface-describes connection between frame relay networks.

• Local Management Interface (LMI)-monitors the status of DLCIs by periodically polling the network. Can be used to exchange status information between frame devices and the network. Also supports multicasting, global addressing and flow control. Cisco switches support LMI.

• Bandwidth on Demand-capacity is provided as a PVC requires it up to the maximum CIR.

• Flag-first and last byte of a frame, indicating the beginning and the end. There may be only one flag between frames with the end flag of one frame used as the start flag of the next.

• Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI)-10-bit routing address of the PVC at a particular UNI or NNI. Some DLCIs are reserve for signaling, management and future use so only 16 to 1007 are used to address virtual circuits.

• Command/Response (C/R)-not used. Always set to 0.

• Extended Address (EA)-allows the header to be lengthened to 3 or 4 bytes enabling a DLCI longer than 10-bits (more VC addresses).

• Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FECN)-set to 1 by the frame network when congestion is occurring on the packet forwarding direction of the frame.

• Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN)- set to 1 by the frame network when congestion is occurring on the reversed packet forwarding direction of the frame.

• Discard Eligibility (DE)-set by the end node to indicate frames to be discarded if congestion occurs.

• Data-also called the information field. May be as large as 4,520 bytes, but is more efficient with a size of less than 4K.

• Frame Check Sequence (FCS)-standard cyclic redundancy check that detects bit errors in the frame.

General Installation

Tools Required

• Box knife

• Standard blade screwdriver set

• Phillips screwdriver set

• Wrench set, including adjustable wrench and/or channel locks

• Allen key set

• Grounding wrist strap

Installation Outline

Preliminary Steps

1. Prepare the site for equipment installation
   

   1. Location should have restricted access.

   2. Sufficient area should be available to access the equipment.

   3. The proper power requirements need to be met.

   4. Confirm that the UPS meets Cisco requirements

   5. Airflow and cooling must be suitable for the equipment being installed.
      

2. Verify that all parts ordered are present and in good condition. Record all part numbers and serial numbers.

3. Unpack and install the equipment in the desired rack (may be provided by Cisco or third party). Follow the instructions in the supplied install guide.

4. Install and connect the required power supply. Most models are available in either AC or DC versions.

5. Install the cards in the equipment. Most cards consist of a front and back card pair. If cards are not matched, alarm conditions will occur. All Cisco WAN switches have specific slots reserved for certain cards. These reservations must be followed. Proper grounding (wrist strap) must be followed prior to handling any cards.

6. Install the cable management system and connect the cables to the required ports.

7. Connect a management terminal or Cisco WAN Manager workstation to the console port.

Installation troubleshooting

If there is no power to the switch

• Check the power cables.

• Check the circuit breaker.

• Check for card short circuit (pull and reseat all cards).

• Check power supply fault.

No LED lit on a single card

• Remove and reseat card.

• Check card fuse if applicable.

• Replace card. If replacement does not fix problem, check the backplane.

Alarm Indicator on Card

• Get card status with dspcds.

• Reset card with resetcd f.

• Remove and reseat card.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Connect to an IGX or BPX with a PC using a terminal emulator (hyperterm), or a terminal connected via the control port, a LAN connection, or remotely using a modem connected to the auxiliary port.

• Once connected, hit enter to bring up the command screen.

• Enter user name at the logon prompt

• Enter password at the password prompt.

• The bye command ends the session.

Use vt <nodename> to create a virtual terminal session on a remote node .

• The bye command returns user to local session.

Command Screen Format

• Top line displays node name, current user, software revision, date, time and time zone.

• The middle of the screen shows information returned by executed commands.

• The bottom of the screen displays prompt for current command or next command.

Basic commands

• . (period) -displays the last twelve commands. Enter a command number to re-use a command.

• help or ? –displays a help menu. If typed with a command brings up help for that command.

• bye –ends local or remote session.

• clrscrn –clears the display.

• prtscrn –sends current display to printer.

• redscrn –redraws display (useful if connected via modem).

• vt –used to start virtual terminal session with remote nodes.

Numbering Conventions

Trunks, Lines and Channel Numbers

Viewing Node Configuration

Display commands are also useful for troubleshooting.

• Display cards in shelf-dspcds.

• Display status, serial number and revision of a card-dspcd.

• Display redundant cards (y-pairs)-dspcdred.

• Display LAN port configuration-dsplancnf.

• Display power supply status and cabinet temperature-dsppwr.

• Display control port and auxiliary port configuration-dsptermcnf.

• Display function of control port and auxiliary port-dsptermfunc.

Privilege Levels

• There is one super user privilege level (level 0), and six user levels (levels 1 through 6).

• Each privilege level has access to commands of the lower levels (level 4 can access commands for levels 4-6).

Managing Users

• Add users use the adduser command. (You can only create a user for a lower privilege level than you are logged in as.)

• Change password use cnfpwd.

• Remove users with deluser.

Management Workstation

On the Switch

• Set up the LAN port with cnflan.

• Configure the SNMP get and set (read and write) community names with cnfsnmp.

• Configure the IP for the statistics manager, if you are using Cisco WAN Manager Statistics Collection Manager, using cnfstatmast (cnfstatmgr on the MGX switches).

Alarms

• Use dspnw to show a list of network nodes and trunk alarm status.

• Use dspnds to list name, type and alarm status of nodes on the network.

• dspalms displays a summary of all alarms on the current node.

• dsplogs to view log of errors.

Redundancy

• Set up card redundancy-addyred (or addcdred).

• Switch between active and redundant cards-resetcd.

• Switch between active and standby processor-switchcc.

BPX 8600 Series

The BPX 8600 series switches are high capacity, standards based broadband ATM switches that support:

• Backbone ATM

• IP+ATM services

• Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Card Types

• Four types of BPX cards are available
  

  1. Common Core

  2. Network Interface

  3. Service Interface

  4. Power Supplies
     

• It is important to match the proper front card with the proper back card.

Installing BPX Cards

• The card shelf has 15 slots numbered from left to right when viewed from the front.

• When installing cards, follow ESD precautions.

• Slot 7 is reserved for BCC card. Redundant nodes have a BCC card in slots 7 and 8.

• Slot 15 is for the ASM/LM-ASM card pair.

• Slots 1-6 and 10-15 are for all interface cards.

19.2 Gbps Operation

The BPX switches support a 9.6 or a 19.2 Gbps backplane. For 19.2 Gbps support, you need:

• 19.2 Gbps backplane identified by white slot fuses on bottom rear of backplane (or result of “Word #2=0001” from dspbpnv command).

• Backplane NOVRAM that indicates the backplane is 19.2 Gbps capable

• BCC-4 or later controller.

• Switch software release 8.1.18 or later.

• At least one BXM card.
  

Initial Configuration

1. Set up the node
   

   1. Set node name with cnfname command.

   2. Time zone-cnftmzn.

   3. Date-cnfdate.

   4. Time-cnftime.

   5. LAN interface-cnflan.

   6. Configure console or aux ports to support any external devices using cnfprt (configure printing), cnfterm (configure tx parameters), and conftermfunc (configure port functions).
      

2. Set up the trunks (use dspcds to ensure proper cards are installed)
   

   1. Up trunk at each node-uptrk.

   2. Configure trunk parameters-cnftrk.

   3. Add trunks at each node-addtrk.

   4. Configure redundancy (if require)-addyred.
      

3. Configure IGX interface shelf (if present).
   

   1. Set up trunk between BPX and IGX as above.

   2. Contact Cisco customer service to add options.

   3. Add IGX as shelf at BPX-addshelf.
      

4. Add MGX 8220 Shelf (if present).
   

   1. Add MGX as a shelf at BPX-addshelf.
      

5. Set up ATM services.
   

   1. Activate line-upln.

   2. Configure line-cnfln.

   3. Activate ports-upport.

   4. Configure ports-cnfport.
      

6. Configure ATM connections.
   

   1. Add connection-addcon.

   2. Configure connection type-cnfcontyp.
      

7. Set up ATM to Frame Relay (ATF).
   

   1. Add connection-addcon.

   2. Specify connection class-cnfcls.

   3. Add connection group-addcongrp.

   4. Configure Interface Shelf to Frame Relay Connections.
      

8. Connections are added using Cisco WAN manager.
   

   1. Frame Relay connections from IGX to BPX.

   2. ATM or Frame Relay connections from MGX to BPX.

   3. Connections are end-to-end and managed via SNMP.

IGX 8400 Series

• Multi-service switch supports WAN voice, data and video.

• 1 Gbps cellbus with a .2 Gbps backup bus

• Six models available:
  

  1. IGX 8410-8 slot rack mount

  2. IGX 8410-8 slot stand-alone

  3. IGX 8420-16 slot rack mount

  4. IGX 8420-16 slot stand-alone

  5. IGX 8430-32 slot, dual shelf rack mount

  6. IGX 8430-32 slot, dual shelf stand-alone

Card Installation

• IGX 8410 (8 Slot configurations).

• IGX 8420 (16 Slot configurations).

• IGX 8430 (32 Slot, dual shelf configurations).

1. Remove jumper W6 on the system clock module (SCM) card(s) to indicate an IGX 8430. The jumper is left on for 8420s.

2. A maximum of 16 trunk cards can be used on the 8430.

Non-redundant configurations always have the NPM card in slot 1. Redundant configurations have NPMs in slots 1 and 2. The SCM card always goes behind the NPM in slot 1.

The ARM card can go in any slot, but is usually installed in the far right.

Table of IGX Cards

• Front cards and back cards must match or alarm will register.

• Firmware revisions between front cards and back cards should match for proper operation.

Initial Configuration

1. Set up the node.
   

   1. Set node name with cnfname command.

   2. Time zone-cnftmzn.

   3. LAN interface-cnflan.

   4. Configure console or aux ports to support any external devices using cnfprt (configure printing), cnfterm (configure tx parameters), and conftermfunc (configure port functions).
      

2. Set up the trunks (use dspcds to ensure proper cards are installed).
   

   1. Up trunk at each node-uptrk.

   2. Configure trunk parameters-cnftrk.

   3. Specify Cellbus bandwidth as needed for UXM-cfbusbw (super-user command).

   4. Set up optional y-cable redundancy-addyred.

   5. Configure trunk redundancy-addtrkred.

   6. Add desired subrate trunk interface control templates-cnftrkict.
      

3. Set up voice lines.
   

   1. Activate line-upcln or upln.

   2. Configure line-cnfln.

   3. Configure redundancy-addyred.
      

4. Set up data lines and ports.
   

   1. Activate line-upcln.

   2. Configure line-cnfln.

   3. Configure redundancy-addyred.
      

5. Set up Frame Relay lines and ports.
   

   1. Activate ports-upfrport.

   2. If UFM-U card, specify the mode-cnfmode (use dspmode to display current mode).
      

6. Set up FastPAD lines and ports.
   

   1. Activate line-upln.

   2. Activate ports-upftcport.

   3. Add FastPAD control connection-addfp.
      

7. Set up ATM lines and ports.
   

   1. Activate line-upln.

   2. Configure line-cnfln.

   3. Add ports-upport.

   4. Configure ports-cnfport.

   5. Configure Cellbus bandwidth for uxm-cnfbusbw.
      

8. Configure Voice connections
   

   1. Add connections-addcon.

   2. Configure parameters.
      

      • Enable adaptive voice feature-cnfchadv.

      • Configure dial type-cnfchdl.

      • Configure echo canceller-cnfchec.

      • Configure gain-cnfchgn.

      • Create conditioning template-cnfcond.

      • Configure receive signaling bits-cnfrcvsig.

      • Configure transmit signaling-cnfxmtsig.

      • Configure channel utilization-cnfchutl.

      • Set signaling type-cnfvchtp.
        

   3. Additional configuration parameters for UVM.
      

      • Configure default UVM parameters-cnfuvmchparm.

      • Configure UVM for fax detection or fax relay-cnfchfax.

      • Configure line passthrough-cnflnpass.
        

9. Configure data connections.
   

   1. Add connection-addcon.

   2. Configure parameters.
      

      • Configure data channel clock-cnfdclk.

      • Configure control lead direction-cnfcldir.

      • Set interface control template signals-cnfict.
        

10. Configure Frame Relay connections.
    

    1. Add connection-addcon.

    2. Configure connection classes-cnfcls.

    3. Configure parameters.
       

       • Control templates-cnfict.

       • Channel utilization-cnfchutl.

       • Channel priorities-cnfchpri.
         

11. Configure connections to access device (such as Cisco 3800).
    

    1. Up port to access device-upftcport.

    2. Add device to node-addad (view connected access devices with dspads).

       • Default bandwidth parameters can be changed with cnfadcon (generally not necessary).

    3. Add connection at FTC/FTM-addcon (if other end is CDP or CVM connection is added there).

    4. Configure Congestion Management Timer-cnfadcmtmr (optional).
       

12. Configure FastPAD connections.
    

    1. Add connection-addcon.

    2. Configure for permanent or switched voice connections.

       • Configure gain insertion-cnfchgn.

       • Configure utilization-cnfchutl.

       • Channel type-cnfvchtp.
         

13. Configure ATM connections.
    

    1. Add connection-addcon.

    2. Set connection type-cnfcontyp.
       

14. Optimize routing and bandwidth.
    

    1. Optimize channel utilization-cnfchutl.

    2. Specify preferred route-cnfpref.

    3. Set Class of Service (CoS)-cnfcos.

MGX Series Installation

MGX 8220

• MGX 8220 is an access shelf that works with the BPX switch to provide:
  

  1. Many narrowband and/or medium band ATM and non-ATM interfaces while using only one BPX port.

  2. Conversion of ATM traffic to and from non-ATM traffic.

  3. A method to concentrate narrow and medium band traffic to the BPX’s broadband ATM ports.

• Note: Feeder line uses STI ATM header.

• MGX 8220 can also be used stand-alone to interface with third-party ATM devices.

  

  • Note: Feeder line is NNI or UNI interface (usually NNI).

  Card Installation

  
  

  1. Installation of the SRM is optional, but must conform to the installed BNM and ASC cards (slot 15 if slots 1 and 3 used and slot 16 if slots 2 and 4 are used-both slots 15 and 16 for redundant configuration).

  MGX 8220 Interface Cards

  Card	Card Type		Location
  Core Cards
  AX-ASC2		Axis Shelf controller, enhanced version. Back card has Control ports and LAN port.	Pair
  AX-ASC2-R		Redundant ASC card.	Front
  AX-BNM-155		Broadband Network Module with one SONET/SDH port.	Front
  AX-SMF-155		Single Mode Fiber interface back card for AX-BNM-155.	Back
  AX-BNM-T3/B AX-BNM-E3/B		Single E3/T3 BNM.	Front
  AX-T3E3-D-BC AX-T3E3-B-BC		Back cards for above with either DB15 or BNC interface connectors.	Back
  AX-SRM-T1E1		T1E1 Service Resource Module. Supports BERT and 1 to N redundancy for Service Modules.	Front
  AX-SRM-3T3		SRM supports bulk mode redundancy support for up to 84 T1 channels.	Front
  AX-BNC-3T3-M		Back card for AX-SRM-3T3 with 3 BNC connectors.	Back
  Service Modules
  AX-CESM-8T1 AX-CESM-8E1		Circuit Emulation Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  AX-AUSM-8T1 AX-AUSM-8E1		ATM UNI Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  MGX-AUSM-8T1/B MGX-AUSM-8E1/B		B version of the above.	Front
  AX-FRSM-HS1		High speed Frame Service Module. Supports 4 port X.21 or V.35 connections or 2 HSSI connections with the appropriate back card. Up to 10 Mbps per port.	Front
  MGX-FRSM-HS1/B		High speed Frame Service Module, B version. Supports 4 port X.21 or V.35 connections or 2 HSSI connections with the appropriate back card. Up to 10 Mbps per port.	Front
  MGX-FRSM-HS2		Very high speed Frame Service Module. Supports 2 HSSI ports at up to 52 Mbps per port.	Front
  AX-FRSM-8T1 AX-FRSM-8E1		Frame Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  AX-FRSM-8T1-C AX-FRSM-8E1-C		Frame Service Module supporting 8 channelized T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  AX-RJ48-8T1 AX-RJ48-8E1		T1 or E1 Service Module back card with 8 RJ48 connectors.	Back
  AX-R-RJ48-8T1		Redundancy back card for AX-RJ48-8T1.	Back
  AX-SMB-8E1		Service module back card with 8 miniature SMB connectors, supporting E1 clocking.	Back
  AX-R-SMB-8E1		Redundancy card for above.	Back
  AX-DB15-4X21		4 port X.21 back card with DB15 connectors.	Back
  MGX-12IN1-4S		4 port V.35 back card with DB15 connectors.	Back
  AX-SCSI2-2HSSI		2 port HSSI back card with SCSI2 connectors.	Back
  MGX-SCSI2-2HSSI/B		2 port HSSI back card with SCSI2 connectors. B version.	Back
  AX-IMATM-8T1/B AX-IMATM-8E1/B		Inverse Multiplexer for ATM Trunk Module supports 8 T1 or E1 connections. B version. Makes it possible to use up to 8 T1 or E1 connections as a trunk instead of a T3 or E3.	Front
  AX-RJ48-T3T1 AX-RJ48-E3E1		1 T3/E3 port with BNC connector and 8 T1/E1 port with RJ48 connectors back card for IMATM.	Back
  AX-SMB-E3E1		1 E3 port and 8 E1 port back card for IMATM with miniature SMB connectors.	Back

  Initial Configuration

  1. Connect a terminal or PC using terminal emulation software to the maintenance port of the active ASC card.

  2. Hit return to get a login prompt.

  3. Login using user name, password and number of active ASC card.

  4. Use cnfifip command to configure control, LAN and in-band ports.

  5. Use cnfname CLI command to configure the shelf nodename.

  6. Logout.

     You can now configure connections and manage the node using Cisco Wan manager (or the CLI).

  MGX 8850

  MGX 8850 is an IP+ATM switch that can be used as a stand-alone device or as a feeder to a BPX 8600 series switch.
  
  A feeder of narrow-band and medium-band ATM, Frame Relay and voice into a single, wide-band ATM feeder trunk to the BPX.

  

  • Stand-alone operation narrow-band and medium-band ATM, Frame Relay and voice into a single ATM line to a third-party ATM switch (Can be a UNI or NNI node).

  

  Card Installation

  The MGX 8850 has a 32 slot, dual plane architecture. To accommodate double height cards, 4 single height slots can be converted into 2 double height slots.

  

  1. Slots 7 and 8 are reserved for the PXMs.

  2. If SCMs are used, the PXM in slot 7 controls the SCM in slots 15 and 31. The PXM in slot 8 controls slots 16 and 32.

  3. If RPM cards are used, slots 9 and 10 should be used due to backplane wiring.

  Single to Dual Height Slot Conversions

  1. Begin at the left and move to the right. Starting points can be slots 1 and 2 (with 17 and 18), or 9 and 10. SRM slots 15 and 16 can be converted out of sequence.

  2. After conversion the slot takes the number of the top single height slot.

  MGX 8850 Interface Cards

  Card	Card Type	Location
  Core Cards
  PXM-1	Double height Processor Switch Module for 1.2 Gbps switch fabric.	Front
  PXM-45	Double height Processor Switch Module for 45 Gbps crosspoint switching fabric.	Front
  PXM-2-T3E3	PXM-1 with support for 2 T3 or E3 lines.	Front
  PXM-1-4-155	PXM-1 with support for 4 OC3/STM1 lines.	Front
  PXM-1-1-622	PXM-1 with support for a single OC12/STM4 line.	Front
  PXM-UI	User Interface back card for the PXM. Has connectors for console, auxiliary and LAN ports as well as external T1/E1 clock source and alarm output.	Back
  PXM-UI-S3	User Interface back card with Stratum 3 clock support.	Back
  PXM-HD	Back card with a 6 GB hard disk and an OC3 uplink port.	Back
  MGX-BNC-2T3 MGX-BNC-2E3 MGX-BNC-2E3A	2 port back card for T3 or E3 with BNC connectors (MGX-BNC-2E3A is ungrounded).	Back
  MGX-MMF-4-155/B MGX-4-SMFIR-155/B MGX-4-SMFLR-155/B	4 port OC3 back card multimode or single mode (intermediate or long range) fiber with SC connectors.	Back
  MGX-MMF-1-622/B MGX-1-SMFIR-622/B MGX-1-SMFLR-622/B	Single port OC12 back card multimode or single mode (intermediate or long range) fiber with SC connectors.	Back
  MGX-SRM-3T3/B	Service resource Module with support for 3 channelized T3 lines.	Back
  MGX-BNC-3T3-M	Back card for MGX-SRM-3T3/B.	Back
  Service Modules (Front)
  Broadband ATM Service Modules
  AXSM-16-T3E3	Double height ATM service Module supporting 16 T3 or E3 lines.	Front
  AXSM-16-155	Double height ATM service Module supporting 16 OC3 or STM1 lines.	Front
  AXSM-4-622	Double height ATM service Module supporting 4 OC12 or STM4 lines.	Front
  AXSM-1-2488	Double height ATM service Module supporting OC48 or STM16 line.	Front
  Frame Relay Service Modules
  AX-FRSM-8T1 AX-FRSM-8E1	Frame Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  AX-FRSM-8T1-C AX-FRSM-8E1-C	Frame Service Module supporting 8 channelized T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  AX-FRSM-HS1/B	High speed Frame Service Module, B version. Supports 4 port X.21 or V.35 connections or 2 HSSI connections with the appropriate back card. Up to 10 Mbps per port.	Front
  AX-FRSM-HS2	Very high speed Frame Service Module. Supports 2 HSSI ports at up to 52 Mbps per port.	Front
  AX-FRSM-2CT	Frame service module supporting 2 channelized T3 connections.	Front
  AX-FRSM-3T3E3	Frame service module supporting 2 non-channelized T3 connections.	Front
  Circuit Emulation Service Modules
  AX-CESM-8T1 AX-CESM-8E1	Circuit Emulation Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  ATM UNI Service Modules
  MGX-AUSM-8T1/B MGX-AUSM-8T1/B	ATM UNI Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections. B Version.	Front
  Voice Internetworking Service Modules
  MGX-VISM-8T1 MGX-VISM-8E1	Voice Internetworking Service Module supporting 8 T1 or E1 connections.	Front
  Service Module Back Cards
  SMB-8T3 SMB-8E3	8 port T3 or E3 back card with miniature SMB connectors.	Back
  MMF-8-155-MT	8 port OC3 multimode fiber back card with MT-RJ connectors.	Back
  SMFIR-8-155-LC	8-port OC3 single mode intermediate reach fiber back card with LC connectors.	Back
  SMFIR-2-622 SMFLR-2-622	2 port OC12 back card with either intermediate or long reach single mode fiber and SC connectors.	Back
  SMFLR-1-2488 SMFSR-1-2488 SMFXLR-1-2488	Single port OC48 back card with either short, long or extra-long reach single mode fiber and SC connectors.	Back
  AX-SMB-8E1	Service module back card with 8 miniature SMB connectors, supporting E1 clocking.	Back
  AX-R-SMB-8E1	Redundancy card for above.	Back
  AX-RJ48-8T1 AX-RJ48-8E1	T1 or E1 Service Module back card with 8 RJ48 connectors.	Back
  AX-R-RJ48-8T1 AX-R-RJ48-8E1	Redundancy card for above.	Back
  MGX-12IN1-4S	4 port V.35 back card with DB15 connectors.	Back
  MGX-SCSI2-HSSI/B	2 port HSSI back card with SCSI2 connectors. B version.	Back
  MGX-BNC-2T3 MGX-BNC-2E3	2 port T3 or E3 back card with BNC connectors.	Back
  MGX-BNC-2E3A	2 port E3 back card with BNC connectors. Ungrounded.	Back
  Route Processor Modules
  MGX-RPM-128/B	Double height card that acts as a Cisco 7200 router. Comes with 128 MB of RAM. Uses 2 single height back cards.	Front
  MGX-RJ45-FE	Fast Ethernet back card with RJ45 connector.	Back
  MGX-MMF-FE	Multimode fiber fast Ethernet back card with SC connector.	Back
  MGX-RJ45-4E	Fast Ethernet back card with 4 RJ45 connectors.	Back
  MGX-MMF-FDDI MGX-SMF-FDDI	Single mode and multimode fiber single port FDDI back card.	Back
  MGX-MMF-FDDI/FD MGX-SMF-FDDI/FD	Single mode and multimode fiber single port, full duplex FDDI back card.	Back

  
  
  Initial Configuration

  1. Connect a terminal or PC using terminal emulation software to the user interface port of the active PXM card.

  2. Hit return to get login prompt.

  3. Login using default user name and password (terminal prompt will display the card number).

  4. Use cnfifip command to configure control, LAN and in-band ports.

  5. Use cnfname CLI command to configure the shelf node name.

  6. Use cnftime to set the time.

  7. Use cnftmzn to set time zone or cnftmzngmt for an offset from GMT (optional).

  8. Use cnfstatsmgr to specify the IP address of the WAN manager workstation.

  9. Add one or more users using the adduser command.

  10. If the switch is used as a feeder, use cnfswfunc.

  11. If an external clock is used, enter the cnfextclk command.

  12. Logout.

      • You can now configure connections and manage the node using Cisco Wan manager (or the CLI).

  Cisco WAN View

  GUI based device management application allowing:
  

  1. Graphical representation of network devices.

  2. Display of configuration and performance information.

  3. Performance of minor configuration of devices.

  4. Performance of minor troubleshooting.
     

  Recent versions are shipped as part of Cisco Works.

  Can be started from an icon in SunNet Manager or Enterprise manager, HP-Openview, or from the command line at the system prompt:

  nmcview – host device_name –rd read_community_string

  To change operation characteristics

  Select Options>Properties from the main menu.

  Configurable characteristics are:
  

  1. Polling frequency

  2. Number of retries

  3. Timeout interval

  4. MIB descriptors/text labels (text labels are user-friendly aliases of MIB descriptors)

  5. Read and write community strings

  Cisco View launch window (current or separate window)

  To display a device

  1. Select File>Open Device from the main window (or type Ctrl+O).

  2. In the Host Name field type the IP address or name of the host.

  3. In the Read Community Field, type the SNMP read community name.

  4. Click Enter. The Cisco View-Main Window will display the front of the node. To Display the rear of the node click View>Rear.

  Ports, connectors, and LEDs are color-coded to display status
  

  1. Blue-dormant/OK

  2. Orange-down

  3. Red-major alarm/failure

  4. Yellow-minor alarm

  5. Purple-self test

  6. Green-up/OK

  To select and configure a device

  From the front or rear display
  

  1. Double click the gray area surrounding the slots

  2. Select the gray area surrounding the slots and select Configure>Device

  3. Select the gray area surrounding the slots, and right click. Select configure from the pop up menu.

  4. Select the gray area surrounding the slots and click the configure button on the toolbar.

   

  Select the category to configure. All devices have
  

  1. Node configuration
     

     • Node name, time, date, time zone and alarm status.
       

  2. Statistics configuration
     

     • Management station IP address, collection interval and bucket interval (these can only be changed via the command line).
       

  3. Card/Slot Information
     

     • Displays a table displaying slot number, cards install, card state and revision.

  To select a card

  1. Double click the card

  2. Select the card and the select Configure>Card

  3. Select the card and right click. Choose configure from the pop up menu

  4. Select the card, then click configure button on the toolbar

  Cisco Wan Manager (CWM)

  A suite of WAN management applications providing fault, configuration and performance management.

  Components

  Add functionality to HP OpenView or IBM NetView.

  Topology manager

  1. Automatic discovery of the network presented to HP OpenView or IBM NetView.

  2. Trunk status represented by icon color.

  3. Allows node information of stand-alone MGX switches to be entered.

  Statistics Report Manager

  1. Generates reports based on Informix Wingz applications.

  2. Generates reports as line, bar, 3D, or tabular chart.

  Statistics Collection Manager (SCM)

  1. Configures and modifies statistics collection policies for the network.

  2. Error handling and logging for collection of statistics for performance monitoring or billing applications.

  Equipment Manager

  1. GUI used to configure and manage network equipment, including lines, ports and trunks.

  2. Simplifies configuration and diagnostics.

  Event Manager

  1. Event Browser allows events to be filtered based on any combination of type, source, and message string. Events can be grouped by severity or acted on in a custom-defined manner.

  2. Can be configured on a per node basis.

  Security Management

  Sets up users and access privileges for CWM.

  Additional Features

  1. Out of band management.
     

     • One workstation can manage the entire network through the LAN port on a single switch.

     • Modem connection on console port for remote access to IGX device.
       

  2. Graceful software and firmware updates.
     

     • During upgrades current configuration is retained. If an error occurs, a single command reverts to the original config.

     • Simultaneous upgrades to several devices supported. New code is loaded and devices switch over simultaneously.
       

  3. Configuration Save and Restore.
     

     • Save the configuration of the entire network.

     • Network can be restored on a node-to-node basis.
       

  4. Performance management.
     

     • Usage and error collection statistics are stored in the Informix database.

  Software and Firmware Upgrades

  WAN switch software and firmware is available from Cisco’s CCO website at:

  http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/sw-center/wan/wan-planner.shtml

  Note: You must have a valid CCO account to log into the site.

  The software planner has product and releases information to help you select the correct software.

  Three methods of downloading to WAN switches are available:
  

  1. CWM (easiest)

  2. Command Line Interface

  3. TFTP via a workstation

  Before downloading to the switch
  

  1. Access the switch through the CLI (From CWM Network Topology window select the switch. Selecting Node Admin from the Node menu will bring up a telnet window).

  2. Use cnffunc command to enable the switch to allow downloading.

  3. Use cnfnodeparm to indicate presence of redundant processor.

  4. If a CWM workstation is being used, the cnffwswinit command will configure the switch to receive software or firmware.

  Downloading from CWM workstation

  IGX/BPX

  1. Load the new software or firmware image to the workstations /usr/users/svplus/images/ipxbpx directory.

  2. Click the topology button in CWM.

  3. Click on the node you want to upgrade, then select SW/FW Images from the Software Mgmt menu.

  4. Select the image to download from the Image Download window, then click the Download button.

  5. Use dsprevs to monitor the download. When the download is complete use the runrev command to run the software.

  6. For firmware, use the dspfwrev command. When the download is complete, use the burnfwrev command to burn the firmware to the card.

  MGX 8220

  1. Load the new software or firmware image to the workstations /usr/users/svplus/images/mgx directory.

  2. Click the topology button in CWM.

  3. Click on the node you want to upgrade, then select SW/FW Images from the Software Mgmt menu.

  4. Select the image to download from the Image Download window, then click the Download button.

  5. When the download is complete, log into the MGX 8220 shelf controller card and use the resetsys command to reset the switch.

  Download from a Switch

  Load the new software or firmware image to the workstations /usr/users/svplus/images/ipxbpx directory.

  Software

  1. Use the loadrev command to download software.

  2. Use dsprev to monitor the download.

  Firmware

  1. Use the getfwrev command to download firmware.

  2. Use dspfwrev to monitor the download.