There is no set promotion structure in journalism. Some journalists do several types of work in succession, in preparation for senior editorial jobs. Others become heads of departments fairly quickly. Many remain reporters. Designations, functions and division of labor are not consistent throughout the industry and depend on the editor-in-chief or proprietor.

ENTRY

Into journalism is usually through direct appointment as a trainee reporter. This, in most cases, requires an undergraduate degree and passing a written test and interview set by the paper. Duration of training varies with publications, but is usually for at least one year.

CAREER LEVELS
 

TRAINEE/CUB REPORTER

Learns all aspects of editing and reporting on the job, by spending time in various departments. Usually, particularly in newspapers, assignments at this stage involve legwork like daily visits to
the police, government agencies and news bureau to collect press notes.

REPORTER

Covers mainly routine news, like the day's engagements, or events like fires, accidents etc.

SENIOR REPORTER

Assigned to major stories and their follow up. Does `home work' on subject, interviews people and visits site to gather facts before writing.

CHIEF REPORTER

Can initiate stories. Usually works on front page news and also features.

SUB-EDITOR

Is a vital step on the ladder to gain editorial experience. The sub-editor does the detailed editing of the copy; this includes rewriting stories and writing headlines, in consultation with the assistant editor.

CHIEF SUB

Is in charge of deskwork.

NEWS/FEATURES EDITOR

Mainly administrative responsibilities in charge of sections. Tasks include organizing and coordinating assignments and ensuring that deadlines are met.

DEPUTY EDITOR

Coordinates production work.

ASSISTANT EDITOR

Makes decisions on stories to follow and their prioritization. Responsible for page layouts and has the final say on the items to be printed and those that will be dropped.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Is the overall coordinator and policy maker. Gives direction to the paper. Supervises editing and
production. Writes leader/editorial. Works with section editors and deputy and assistant editors to plan editorial content and fix priorities.